IT430 Assignment Solution

IT430 Assignment Solution

Q1: Write down the functionality of Hub, Bridges, Routers, Repeaters and Switches; also write down on which layers of OSI model these network devices work? [5*2 = 10]
Name Functionality OSI Model Layer
Hub Provide central connection point for LAN computers. Physical layer
Bridges It is combination of software and hardware having own operating system, helps in conservation of network bandwidth. Bridges physically chopped up large network into small segments. Data link layer
Routers Routers are combination of software and hardware to forward data packets on the network. These are more efficient and sophisticated. It logically divide network into small segments, i.e subnets on the basis of IP addressing scheme. Network Layer
Repeaters It regenerates and amplifies the received signals. Physical layer
Switches It is also combination of software and hardware. It have own operating system, switches also increase the bandwidth of network. It virtually divide network into small segments, i.e VLANs. Data link layer

Q2: Perform the conversions [5*2 = 10]
(a) 110 Decimal to Binary
2 110
2 55 0
2 27 1
2 13 1
2 6 1
2 3 0
1 1
Decimal to Binary
110 = 1101110
(b) 10011000 Binary to Decimal
20*0 + 21*0 + 22*0 + 23*1 + 24*1 + 25*0 + 26*0 + 27*1
= 0+0+0+8+16+0+0+128
= 152
(c) 11011100 Binary to Decimal
20*0 + 21*0 + 22*1 + 23*1 + 24*1 + 25*0 + 26*1 + 27*1
= 0+0+4+8+16+0+64+128
= 220
(d) 11111100 Binary to Decimal
20*0 + 21*0 + 22*1 + 23*1 + 24*1 + 25*1 + 26*1 + 27*1
= 0+0+4+8+16+32+64+128
= 252
(e) 3009 Decimal to Binary
2 3009
2 1504 1
2 752 0
2 376 0
2 188 0
2 94 0
2 47 0
2 23 1
2 11 1
2 5 1
2 2 1
1 0
3009 = 101111000001

Assignment No. 01 Semester: Spring 2009 IT430 E-Commerce

Assignment No. 01
Semester: Spring 2009
IT430 E-Commerce

Question No. 1: [5 Marks]
Why do we need protocols in computer networks? Discuss in your own words.

Solution:

Protocols are used for communication. These are set of pre define rules that are used for communications. Just like in over every day life we use some language to communicate , in the similar manner network devices need some language using which they can transfer data.

A network protocol defines rules and conventions for communication between network devices.
Network protocols include mechanisms for devices to identify and make connections with each other, as well as formatting rules that specify how data is packaged into messages sent and received.


Question No. 2: [5 Marks]

In internet IP Version 4 is going to be replaced by IP Version 6, discuss the major factor behind this change.

Solution:

The main reason of migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 is Address Space i.e. number of address supported by IPv4 are 4 Billion Addresses, i.e. 4 Billion devices can have unique address in internet.

But as number of online devices (computers which needed have a unique IP address) are growing day by day, so IPv4 was running out of the address.

IPv6 supports 2^128 Address which will enough to provide the address to computers or devices in the future.